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APA Style

Links to helpful websites, citation examples, and personal assistance using the style guide of the American Psychological Association (APA).

APA Reference Resources

Journal Articles in APA Style

Journal: General

Authorlastname, F. I. (Date). Article title. Journal Title, xx, pp-pp. https://doi.org/10.1080/​02626667.2018.1560449

(Note: Include the digital object identifier (DOI) if one is assigned.)

Journal Article with DOI

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/​02626667.2018.1560449

Journal Article without DOI

Graham, S. (2006). Impossible to hold: Women and culture in the 1960s. Journal of American Studies, 40, 156-159.

Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap

Journal with Non-Continuous Pagination (Each issue begins on page 1)

Simmons, C., & Becker-Olsen, K. (2006). Achieving marketing objectives through social sponsorships. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 154-169.

E-Journal Article Paginated by Article (Each article begins on page 1)

Corley M, Hartsuiker RJ (2011) Why um helps auditory word recognition: The temporal delay hypothesis. PLoS ONE 6(5). 10.1371/journal.pone.0019792

Magazine Article

Reed, S. (2006, August 21). Seeing past the war. Business Week, 16(4), 35-36.

Online Magazine Article

Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). http://www.apa.org/monitor/

Newspaper Article

Seward, Z. (2006, December 14). Colleges expand early admissions. Wall Street Journal (Eastern ed.), pp. D1-D2.

Online Newspaper Article

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com


For additional examples, see the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2020).

Books in APA Style

Book: General

Authorlastname, F. N. (Year). Book title. Publisher.
Authorlastname, F. N. (Year). Book title. http://www.xxxxxxxx
Authorlastname, F. N. (Year). Book title. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Entire Book: Print Version

Gutman, R. W. (1999). Mozart: A cultural biography. Harcourt Brace.

Entire Book: Electronic Version

Gutman, R. W. (1999). Mozart: A cultural biography. Harcourt Brace. http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/dxeprint/index.asp

Gutman, R. W. (1999). Mozart: A cultural biography. Harcourt Brace. https://doi.org/10.1036/0034586772

Entire Book:
Print Version (Two Authors)

Hock, R., & Price, G. (2004). The extreme searcher’s Internet handbook: A guide for the serious searcher. CyberAge Books.

Entry in Online Reference Work

Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.).  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism

Entry in Online Dictionary 

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Semantics. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved January 4, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/semantics

Book:
No Author

Begin citation with title. For example:

NAICS Desk Reference: The North American industry classification system desk reference. (2000). JIST Works.

Chapter in a Book

Willson, Jr., R. F. (2005). William Shakespeare's theater. In J. Rosenblum (Ed.), The Greenwood companion to Shakespeare: A comprehensive guide for students (pp. 47-64). Greenwood Press.


 

Other Online Sources in APA Style

Webpage with organizational author

World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of deathhttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

Note: For detailed info on citing webpages, see APA Style Webpage on a Website

YouTube video

Asian Boss. (2020, June 5). World’s leading vaccine expert fact-checks COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy: Stay curious #22 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA

Note: Use the account name as the author. Detailed APA Style guidance on citing YouTube content.

Message Posted to Online Forum

Little, J. [j450n_l]. (2018, December 12). I'm the first person in the world with a neural-enabled prosthetic hand. Using an specialized prosthetic and a device implanted [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/AMA/comments/a5jxbe/im_the_first_person_in_the_world_with_a/

Note: When the real name of the author is known, provide it first, in inverted format, followed by the screen name in brackets, as in the example. When the real name of the author is not known, provide only the screen name without brackets.

Blog Post

Joules, K. (2007, January 22). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind. Science Blogs. http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php

Twitter Post

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). Today, it’s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/BillGates/status/1170305718425137152


 

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